TANZANIA – The United Nations peacekeeping chief says he was very satisfied with the strong support of many countries for its far-flung operations at a recent ministerial meeting, despite “headwinds and challenges and problems.”
Jean-Pierre Lacroix, the undersecretary-general for peace operations, said in an interview with The Associated Press that the biannual ministerial meeting in Ghana’ s capital, Accra, earlier this month was attended by nearly 100 countries.
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He said that 33 countries made pledges of 117 military and police units for the U.N.’s peacekeeping operations — and 45 countries made more than 100 pledges related to training peacekeepers and partnerships.
“We had really a strong level of support towards peacekeeping, which is great … and the pledges were very good,” Lacroix said.
The number of U.N. peacekeepers and staff has fallen from more than 100,000 worldwide to 70,000 as missions have ended, some more successfully than others.
There are now 12 peacekeeping operations in Africa, Asia, Europe and the Middle East and that number will drop again following demands by the leaders of Mali and Congo for U.N. troops to leave, complaining that the peacekeepers failed in their primary mandate to protect civilians from armed groups.
There had been concern about continuing support for U.N. peacekeeping with the unprecedented six-month withdrawal of nearly 13,000 peacekeepers from Mali ending this month, and a recent agreement on the phased withdrawal of the more than 14,000-strong force in Congo.
But Lacroix said that there was a strong recommitment to U.N. peacekeeping.
During the Accra meeting, he said that ministers also discussed U.N. efforts to address other challenges, including increasing the number of female peacekeepers, safety and security for troops, misinformation and disinformation affecting peacekeeping operations and discipline, which includes ongoing instances of sexual exploitation and sexual violence by peacekeepers.
Paradoxically, he said, U.N. peacekeeping remains one of the most supported U.N. operations, but individually, peacekeeping missions face problems because of divisions among the 193 member nations -- especially among the 15 members of the U.N. Security Council who must approve and extend the mandates for peacekeeping missions.
In the list of pledges, Lacroix said, “we probably have more than what we need."
But it’s just the beginning of a process, he stressed, because the peacekeeping department he heads must now work with countries to turn the pledges into military and police units that can be deployed, and to start training missions.
Looking ahead, Lacroix said that member states and host countries have the final say on authorizing new peacekeeping operations and extending existing missions..
In the vast majority of cases, Lacroix said that he believes peacekeeping operations provide “added value … even if all peacekeeping operations are facing a much more difficult environment political and security-wise — all of them, not only in Africa.”
As for protecting civilians which the leaders of Mali and Congo strongly criticized, Lacroix said that hundreds of thousands of civilians are protected every day by U.N. peacekeepers. And he asked what would happen if peacekeepers were removed from Cyprus or the Golan Heights, which Israel captured from Syria in the 1967 war — “and you could say the same thing about many areas in Africa” and elsewhere.
Usually, Lacroix said, the U.N. can manage difficulties, including a degraded level of security for peacekeeping missions, host governments not being fully cooperative, and fake news about peacekeepers.
But he said that missions become exceedingly difficult to sustain or even untenable when on top of that there is extremism as in Mali, which U.N. peacekeepers aren't mandated to fight, or regional conflicts like in the Great Lakes region of Africa where its mandate only covered Congo.
As for the future of peacekeeping, Lacroix said, “First of all, we’re as strong as the unity and commitment of our member states is towards opting for multilateral solutions.”
In Mali, where peacekeepers were ordered out, and in Sudan, where the U.N. political mission was expelled, he said, “I think it reflects a world where basically, there is less appetite to sort of go along with the multilateral option.”
The ministerial meeting and Lacroix’s interview on Monday took place as two major wars raged, in Ukraine following Russia’s full-scale invasion in February 2022, and the Israel-Hamas war, which began on Oct. 7.
When there is a cessation of hostilities in both wars, Lacroix said, under one of many scenarios, there may be a need for a third-party observation mission, and he said that the U.N. has a good network of people in many countries with those capabilities.
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This story has been corrected to show that the mission in Sudan was a political mission, not a peacekeeping one.