People with substance use disorder across the country are not getting a formal say in how most of the approximately $50 billion in opioid lawsuit settlement money is being used to stem the crisis, a new analysis found.
Some advocates say that is one factor in why portions of the money are going to efforts they don't consider to be proven ways to save lives from overdose, including equipment to scan jail inmates for contraband, drug-sniffing police dogs and systems to neutralize unneeded prescription medications.
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In Jackson County, West Virginia, officials voted earlier this year to use more than $500,000 in settlement funds for a first-responder training center and a shooting range. They also allocated $35,000 to a quick response team that works with overdose survivors.
Josh George, who has been in recovery for three years after 23 years of drug use, primarily heroin, now runs a recovery group with his wife and other family members.
Some of the money could have gone to the county's only recovery house, he said.
“All these people were doing it on their own dime," George said, “trying to help these people.”
Over the past eight years, drugmakers, wholesalers, pharmacy chains and other companies have agreed to settlements to resolve thousands of lawsuits filed by state, local and Native American tribal governments claiming the companies’ practices contributed to the crisis.
Opioids have been a major problem in the U.S. since the late 1990s, with the deadliest stretch earlier this decade reaching more than 80,000 annually. The major causes have shifted from prescription pills to heroin to fentanyl and other lab-produced substances often added to other illicit drugs.
Funds from the multi-billion dollar nationwide settlements began rolling out in 2022 and will continue until at least 2038. The agreements require most of the money be used to fight the crisis but offer great flexibility in how to do it.
Christine Minhee of Opioid Settlement Tracker and Vital Strategies, a public health organization, released a state-by-state guide on Monday outlining how government funding decisions are being made. The guide aims to help advocates know where to raise their voices.
Using that information and other data, Minhee, who has tallied just under $50 billion in settlements excluding one with OxyContin maker Purdue Pharma that the Supreme Court rejected, found advisory groups help determine spending of about half of it. But they have decision-making authority over less than one-fifth of it.
Less than $1 in $7 is overseen by boards that reserve at least one seat for someone who is using or has used drugs, though some places where it's not required may have such members anyway.
Brandon Marshall, a professor of epidemiology at the Brown University School of Public Health and a former member of the Rhode Island Opioid Settlement Advisory Committee, said he has observed that processes involving experts and people with drug use experience have made quick allocations to groups working on harm reduction and other areas because they know the groups.
“It’s not just a way to ensure that the funds are used effectively,” he said. “Those kinds of systems are also ensuring the funds are getting out the door faster.”
Public health advocates say the money should be used in ways proven to save lives, prevent drug use and focus on racial equity and that the decisions should be transparent.
But many communities are following regular government spending practices rather than assessing local needs or consulting with experts or people impacted by the epidemic.
Renville County, Minnesota, used $100,000 in settlement money to pay about two-thirds of the cost of a body scanner for the county jail to detect drugs on incoming inmates, even if they have swallowed bags of them.
“You can’t possibly tell me that whoever made those decisions thinks that’s the best use of the funding,” said Alicia House, executive director of the Steve Rummler Hope Network, which provides overdose prevention and education across Minnesota.
Renville County Sheriff Scott Hable said in an interview that keeping drugs out of the jail — without subjecting people entering to strip searches — fits with the facility’s emphasis on treatment for inmates with substance use disorder.
The scanner has been used nearly 1,400 times since last year, identifying contraband in six cases. Twice, it found packets of drugs inmates swallowed before entering, he said.
The county’s governing body made the spending decision. Sara Benson, the county’s public health director, said the government is assembling an advisory group for future settlement use and wants to include people with lived experience.
In West Virginia, Jackson County Commission President Dick Waybright said the training center will help law enforcement, EMS and 911 employees respond to the opioid crisis.
“It wouldn't just be throwing money to a program that wasn’t going to last,” he said in an interview. Besides, he said, no one else besides the quick response team requested funds from the first opioid settlement payment.
George's mother, Kelly DeWees, said there are many needs in an area hit hard by addiction, including transportation for people in recovery, prevention education and counseling for children of those with substance use disorder. Breath of Life, the group her son and daughter-in-law run, could use help launching a recovery home.
The group is requesting the $15,000 that currently remains in the county’s fund and Waybright said he expects it to be awarded to them soon.
For others, the spending decisions are even more personal.
Tonia Ahern, a community coordinator for the National Center for Advocacy and Recovery, lost her son to an overdose when he was 29. She co-founded a group planning to produce a handbook of suggestions for New Jersey communities on how to use the funding.
“If you haven’t ever experienced it, you have no idea what they need,” Ahern said.