NBC News – Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 was downed by a Russian-made "warhead" fired from eastern Ukraine that detonated outside the jet's cockpit, Dutch investigators concluded in their final report Tuesday.
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The findings of the Dutch Safety Board were announced at a press conference against the dramatic backdrop of the Boeing 777's partially reconstructed fuselage.
Tjibbe Joustra, chairman of the Dutch Safety Board, told those gathered that the crash was caused by "the detonation of a warhead" to the left of the cockpit.
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The warhead was a BUK surface-to-air missile — which is made in Russia, according to Reuters.
Giving what was the most detailed description of the jet's final moments to date, Joustra said the explosion killed the plane's three crew members in the cockpit and that investigators had found "high energy fragments" in their bodies.
The blast — less than one yard from the plane's fuselage — also caused "structural damage," which resulted in the jet's "forward part" tearing off. The plane broke up in midair and scattered over a 20-square-mile area, he said.
The Dutch investigators' findings were released just hours after the company which manufacture the BUK missile system released its own report.
Almaz-Antey claimed it had conducted its own tests that contradicted the Dutch report. The company said it detonated a BUK missile near the nose of an aircraft similar to a Boeing 777 but that the damage patterns were different to those seen in MH17, according to Reuters.
The Dutch Safety Board's report also criticized Ukraine authorities, as well as airlines and other countries, for not recognizing the risks in flying over the conflict zone in the east of the country.
Two military aircraft were shot down in the three days before MH17's crash, the report said, adding that this should have "provided sufficient reason for closing the airspace above the eastern part of Ukraine as a precaution."
"The aviation parties involved did not adequately recognize the riks of the armed conflict," the report said.
He told the press conference that because of the armed conflict in Ukraine, there would have been "sufficient reason to close the airspace as a precaution" but "the Ukraine authorities failed to do so."
The press conference was also shown a computer reconstruction of the plane's final voyage.
The airliner was flying from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur on July 17 last year when it came down over eastern Ukraine, where government troops have been locked in a grinding conflict with pro-Russia rebels. All 298 people on board were killed.
Ukraine and its Western allies have alleged that the rebels shot down the plane with a missile made in Russia, something the rebels and Moscow rejects.